EFEKTIVITAS INTERVENSI NON-FARMAKOLOGIS DALAM PENGENDALIAN HIPERTENSI

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Hypertension is one of the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality. Often asymptomatic in its early stages, it can nonetheless lead to severe complications such as stroke, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. To date, hypertension management has largely focused on pharmacological therapy. However, this approach has limitations, including potential side effects and low patient adherence. Consequently, non-pharmacological interventions have emerged as safer and more sustainable alternatives that can enhance patients’ quality of life. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of various non-pharmacological strategies in reducing blood pressure, based on a literature review of 20 scientific articles published between 2015 and 2024. This research utilized a descriptive qualitative literature review approach by screening relevant publications from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The interventions analyzed include the DASH diet, physical activity, stress management, smoking cessation, alcohol reduction, and complementary therapies such as herbal treatments and acupuncture. The findings indicate that all reviewed interventions have a significant impact on lowering both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The DASH diet has been shown to reduce systolic blood pressure by up to 11 mmHg. Regular physical exercise and relaxation techniques such as yoga and meditation provide additional benefits by helping manage stress and enhancing heart rate variability. Herbal therapies, including garlic extract and celery leaves, along with acupuncture, also show promising antihypertensive effects. In conclusion, non-pharmacological interventions represent effective strategies that can be integrated into holistic hypertension management. The combination of multiple interventions performed concurrently proves to be more effective than implementing a single strategy alone. Therefore, public education and the active involvement of healthcare professionals are essential to encourage the adoption of these approaches in daily life, ultimately contributing to better blood pressure control and cardiovascular health outcomes.