FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ANXIETY AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN : AN EARLY MENTAL HEALTH SCREENING STRATEGY

Eka Ratnasari, Nurhasanah Nurhasanah, Nunung Nurjanah, Nur Aliah, Pesona Riyanti, Nurhadia Kastani

Abstract


Background: Pregnancy is a period during which women experience substantial physical and psychological changes that may increase their vulnerability to mental health problems, particularly anxiety. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that approximately 10% of pregnant women experience anxiety during pregnancy, with the prevalence increasing to nearly 20% as childbirth approaches. Several factors, including maternal age, pregnancy experience, gestational age, educational level, income, and family support, may contribute to anxiety during pregnancy. This study aimed to identify factors associated with anxiety among pregnant women attending Arsy Medika Clinic, Cirebon Regency, West Java, Indonesia. Methods: A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at Arsy Medika Clinic. Participants were recruited using an accidental sampling technique, resulting in a total of 35 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Anxiety was assessed using the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test to determine the association between maternal characteristics and anxiety. Results: Family income (p = 0.033) and family support (p = 0.009) were significantly associated with anxiety among pregnant women. In contrast, maternal age (p = 0.056), educational level (p = 0.892), employment status (p = 0.832), parity (p = 0.190), and gestational age (p = 0.913) were not significantly associated with anxiety. Conclusion: Family income and family support were the main factors associated with anxiety among pregnant women. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating routine mental health screening into antenatal care services, with particular attention to pregnant women experiencing socioeconomic challenges and inadequate family support. Strengthening early anxiety screening programs may facilitate timely identification and intervention to improve maternal mental health outcomes.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Al-Mutawtah, et.al. (2023). Women’s Experiences Of social support during pregnancy: a qualitative systematic review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. Vol 23 (782). Hal. 1-19

Biaggi, A., Conroy, S., Pawlby, S., & Pariante, C. M. (2016). Identifying the women at risk of antenatal anxiety and depression: A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 191, 62–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.014

Daehan, D, et.all. (2022). Perinatal mental health literacy: knowledge, attitudes, and help-seeking among perinatal women and the public-a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 22:574.

Dennis, C. L., Falah-Hassani, K., & Shiri, R. (2017). Prevalence of antenatal and postnatal anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 210(5), 315–323. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.187179

Hasanah, H.T., Lestari, W., Woferst, R., 2023. Analisis Kecemasan dan Citra Tubuh Trimester II dan III pada Primigravida. Jurnal Kesehatan Jompa 2(2), 104-111. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.57218/jkj.Vol2.Iss2.907

Goethe, Hayden. (2026). Workplace anxiety: causes, Symptoms, and What HR Can Do To Reduce It. Spring Health. Retrevied From Workplace Anxiety: Causes, Symptoms, and What HR Can Do to Reduce It | Spring Health

Jannah, Bayti, et.al., (2025). Pekerjaan dan gravida mempengaruhi kecemasan pada Ibu Hamil Di Puskesmas Mpunda Kota Bima. Jurnal Kebidanan Indonesia, 16 (2), 95-102.

Jannati, Sri H., (2025). Karakteristik (Usia, Paritas, Pendidikan dan Dukungan Suami dengan Kecemasan Ibu Hamil Trimester III. Jurnal Kesehatan Qamarul Huda, 13 (2), 81-96

Jin, J., Bao, Y., Han, Y., et al. (2025). A study on the factors influencing pregnancy-related anxiety and its correlation with family functioning and social support among primiparous pregnant women in early pregnancy. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research. https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.16333

Masysythoh, et.al., (2021). Hubungan Karakteristik Ibu Primigravida dengan Tingkat Kecemasan pada Masa Pandemi Di Puskesmas Citangkil I Kota Cilegon Provinsi Banten. Jurnal Kebidanan, 10(10), 1-11.

Mirdatul F., Maria. (2024). Faktor yang mempengaruhi Kecemasan Ibu hamil Trimester III Di PMB R Kota Bukit Tinggi. Jurnal Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak, 2(2), 73-82. Retrieved from View Of Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kecemasan Ibu Hamil Trimester Iii Di Pmb R Kota Bukittinggi

Nadillah I.P., et.al. (2026). Analisis Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kecemasan Ibu Hamil. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan (JIKA), 8(1), 313-324

Nath, Selina. et, all. (2019). The association between prenatal maternal anxiety disorders and postpartum perceived and observed mother-infant relationship quality. Elsevier. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 68 (2019) 102148

Puspitasari, I., & Wahyuntari, E. (2020). Gambaran Kecemasan Ibu Hamil Trimester III. Proceeding of The URECOL, 116–120

Ratna D., Anita, et.al., (2025). Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kecemasan pada Ibu hamil Trimester III di UPTD Puskesmas Sambong Kabupaten Blora. Jurnal Sehat Indonesia, 7 (2), 612-628.

Romlah, S., & Farizal, E. B. (2022). Hubungan Pengetahuan Dan Dukungan Suami Dengan Kecemasan Ibu Hamil Trimester III Menghadapi Persalinan Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Berseri Pangkalan Kerinci. Ensiklopedia of Journal, 4(2), 309–314. http://jurnal.ensiklopediaku.org

Sari, N.L.P.M.R., et al., (2023). Hubungan antara Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu dan Dukungan Suami dengan Tingkat Kecemasan Ibu Hamil Trimester III dalam Menghadapi Persalinan. Jurnal Riset Kesehatan Nasional 7(1), 35-44. https://ejournal.itekes-bali.ac.id/index.php/jrkn/article/view/469

Simarmata, I. D., Budihastuti, U., & Tamtomo, D. (2019). Effect of social support and social interaction on anxiety among pregnant women. Journal of Maternal and Child Health, 4(1), 34–42.

Sukmahati, F., et.al., (2024). Hubungan Tingkat Kecemasan Ibu Hamil dengan Kesiapan Menghadapi Persalinan di Klinik Bidan Cikmah Lubis. Nursing Applied Journal 2(2), 94–111. https://doi.org/10.57213/naj.v2i2.636

Sutriningsih, et.al. (2024). Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Tingkat Kecemasan Ibu Hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Balinggi. PReventif: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 15(1), 1-22.

World Health Organization. (2025). Perinatal Mental Health. Mental Health, Brain Health and Substance Use




DOI: https://doi.org/10.30602/jkk.v12i2.2395

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.